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Alameda Creek
Alameda Creek, originally Arroyo de la Alameda, is a large perennial stream in the San Francisco Bay Area. The creek runs for from a lake northeast of Packard Ridge to the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay by way of Niles Canyon and a flood control channel.
==History==
Five Spanish expeditions led by de Portolà, Ortega, Fages, de Anza and Amador passed over Alameda Creek between 1769 and 1795. El Camino Viejo between Pleasanton and Mission Pass crossed it near Sunol. Mission San José, in Fremont, was dedicated in 1797. The Mission thrived for 49 years until the Mexican Government's Secularization Order liquidated mission lands in 1834. Alameda Creek was the boundary of the mission lands and the Rancho Arroyo de la Alameda granted to Jose de Jesus Vallejo, who built a flour mill near the mouth of Niles Canyon. The mill and the importance of the canyon as a passage through the hills led to growth of Niles (which in 1956 became part of Fremont, California) in the 1850s. A favorable climate, excellent soils, and a fast-growing population helped agriculture to boom. Early roads led to landings where small ships would load grain and other foodstuffs for transport to market. Completion of the Central Pacific Railroad through Niles Canyon in 1869 was essential to completion of First Transcontinental Railroad that terminated in Alameda, California that same year. The Western Pacific was also routed through Niles Canyon, connecting Sacramento, California and San Jose, California in 1906.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=East Bay Regional Park District )〕
The creek bed had once been used as a gravel quarry.〔(Chen, E., McMahon, P., Shorno, A., By, F., Bautista, J., Goza, G., ... & Inn, S. D. (2012). Alameda County Water District, Engineering Department, Groundwater Resources Division. )〕 When the gravel pits were flooded by water purchased by the public for groundwater recharge of the Niles Cone, the gravel harvesters began to daily pump out enough water to meet the needs of 30,000 people down the creek into San Francisco Bay.〔(Victor E. Gleason, ''Water Projects Go Underground'', 5 Ecology L.Q. (1976) ) discussing (''Niles Sand & Gravel v. Alameda County Water Dist.'', 37 Cal. App. 3d 924, 112 Cal. Rptr. 846 (Ct. App. 1974). )〕 After the pumping was declared to be an illegal waste the Alameda County Water District acquired the quarry in 1975.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=East Bay Regional Park District )〕
In May 2015, vandals damaged an inflatable dam across the creek in Fremont, releasing 50 million gallons of drinking water into San Francisco Bay.〔()〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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